2019 Volkswagen Polo GTI Download Service & Repair Manual
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Maintenance
Polo 2018 ➤
Edition 07.2019
Service
Service Department. Technical Information
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Maintenance
Heading
1. Engine list
2. Service work
3. General information
4. Descriptions of work:
5. Exhaust emissions test
6. Glossary
7. ---Change history---
Technical information should always be available to the foremen and mechanics, because their
careful and constant adherence to the instructions is essential to ensure vehicle road-worthiness and
safety. In addition, the normal basic safety precautions for working on motor vehicles must, as a
matter of course, be observed.
Service
All rights reserved.
No reproduction without prior agreement from publisher.
Copyright © 2019 Volkswagen AG, Wolfsburg D4B80762D4F
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Contents
1 Engine list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 Service work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.1 Information about flexible or fixed service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.2 Service tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3 General information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.1 Raising vehicle with lifting platform or trolley jack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.2 Entries in service schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.3 Severe operating conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3.4 Vehicle data sticker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3.5 Connecting vehicle diagnostic tester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
3.6 Vehicle identification number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
3.7 Countries with hot climate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3.8 Country overview for petrol not compliant with EN 228 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.9 Country overview for diesel not compliant with EN 590 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
3.10 Engine code and engine number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.11 Countries with high levels of dust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.12 Identification plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.13 Shortened intervals for spark plug replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
4 Descriptions of work: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
4.1 Removable towing bracket: checking and cleaning if necessary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
4.2 Swivel joints and suspension link mountings: inspecting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
4.3 Automatic headlight control and static cornering light: checking function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
4.4 Battery (12V): checking battery terminal clamps for secure seating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
4.5 Battery (12V): checking with battery tester (always refer to workshop manual) . . . . . . . . . . 38
4.6 Status of battery (12V): reading - sending diagnosis protocol via online connection . . . . . . 38
4.7 Front passenger front airbag: checking key switch and “ON/OFF function” . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
4.8 Tyres: checking condition, wear pattern, tyre pressure and tread depth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
4.9 Brake and clutch system: Change brake fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
4.10 Brake system and shock absorbers: inspecting for leaks and damage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
4.11 Brake fluid level: checking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
4.12 Brakes, front and rear: checking thickness of pads/linings and condition of brake discs/
drums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
4.13 Diesel fuel filter: draining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
4.14 Diesel fuel filter: renewing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
4.15 Diesel particulate filter: checking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
4.16 Dual clutch gearbox 0D9: changing gear oil and filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
4.17 Electric windows: checking positioning (open and close functions) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
4.18 Natural gas system: reset interval display if a check in line with ECE ruling 110 has been
carried out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
4.19 Natural gas system: inspect natural gas tank for corrosion and leakage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
4.20 Natural gas system: checking wax layer between natural gas fuel tank and fuel tank shut-off
valve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
4.21 Natural gas tank: renew. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
4.22 Natural gas filler connection and sealing cap: check condition, clean if necessary and check
seal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
4.23 Fault memory of all systems: reading with vehicle diagnostic tester , correcting possible faults
according to repair guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
4.24 Boots: inspecting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
4.25 Interior and exterior body: inspecting for corrosion with doors and flaps open . . . . . . . . . . 74
4.26 Poly V-belt: renewing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
4.27 Poly V-belt: checking condition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
4.28 Cooling system: checking frost protection and coolant level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
4.29 Air filter: cleaning housing and renewing filter element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
4.30 Multi-purpose additive for diesel fuel: adding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Polo 2018 ➤
Maintenance - Edition 07.2019
Contents i
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4.31 Multi-purpose additive for petrol fuel: adding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
4.32 Engine and components in engine compartment: inspecting for leaks and damage (from
above and below) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
4.33 Engine cover panel “top”: removing and installing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
4.34 Engine compartment cover (noise insulation) “bottom”: removing and installing . . . . . . . . 92
4.35 Engine oil level: checking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
4.36 Engine oil: draining; renewing oil filter and filling engine oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
4.37 Engine oil: capacities and specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
4.38 Panoramic sliding sunroof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
4.39 Road test: performing (driving behaviour, noises, air conditioner etc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
4.40 Wheel securing bolts: tightening to specified torque . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
4.41 Reducing agent (AdBlue®/DEF): replenishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
4.42 Reducing agent (AdBlue®/DEF): changing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
4.43 Tyre Pressure Loss Indicator: calibrating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
4.44 Tyre repair set: checking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
4.45 Window wash/wipe system and headlight washer system: checking function . . . . . . . . . . 112
4.46 Headlight adjustment: checking halogen headlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
4.47 Headlight adjustment: checking LED headlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
4.48 Headlight adjustment: checking fog lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
4.49 Service interval display: resetting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
4.50 Service interval display: recoding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
4.51 Track rods: checking clearance, attachment and boots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
4.52 Dust and pollen filter: cleaning housing and renewing filter element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
4.53 Transportation mode: switching off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
4.54 Transportation devices: removing blocking pieces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
4.55 Clock and date: setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
4.56 Underbody: inspecting for damage to underbody sealant, underbody panels, routing of lines,
plugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
4.57 Toothed belt (petrol engines): renewing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
4.58 Camshaft drive toothed belt (diesel engines): renewing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
4.59 Spark plugs: renewing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
5 Exhaust emissions test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
5.1 Exhaust emissions test for petrol engines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
5.2 Exhaust emissions test for diesel engines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
6 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
7 ---Change history--- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
Polo 2018 ➤
Maintenance - Edition 07.2019
ii Contents
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1 Engine list
(VIGG001273; Edition 07.2019)
Polo AW1 Petrol engines ⇒ page 1
Diesel engines ⇒ page 3
Note
To ease the search for an engine, the engine codes are listed in
alphabetical order.
Polo AW1 petrol engines
Engines ⇒ Petrol engine Petrol engine Petrol engine Petrol engine
Displace‐
ment
I 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
Engine code CHYB CHYC CHZJ CHZL
No. of cylinders/valves per
cylinder
3/4 3/4 3/4 3/4
Power kW at rpm 55/6200 48/5000-6000 85/5500 70/5000-5500
Torque Nm at rpm 93/3000-4300 95/3000-4300 200/2000-3500 175/2000-3500
Bore ∅ mm 74.5 74.5 74.5 74.5
Stroke mm 76.4 76.4 76.4 76.4
Compression ratio 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5
Injection/ignition Motronic ME 17
manifold injection
Motronic ME 17
manifold injection
Motronic ME 17
TSI
Motronic ME 17
TSI
RON unleaded, at
least
95 unleaded (in
exceptional cir‐
cumstances min.
91 RON, however
with reduced per‐
formance)
95 unleaded (in
exceptional cir‐
cumstances min.
91 RON, however
with reduced per‐
formance)
95 95
Camshaft drive Toothed belt Toothed belt Toothed belt Toothed belt
Engines ⇒ Petrol engine Petrol engine Petrol engine Petrol engine
Displace‐
ment
I 1.6 2.0 1.5 1.0
Engine code CWVB CZPC DADA DBYA
No. of cylinders/valves per
cylinder
4/4 4/4 4/4 3/4
Power kW at rpm 66/4250-6000 147/4390-6000 110/5000 66/5800
Torque Nm at rpm 155/3800-4000 320/1450-4390 250/1500-3500 160/1750-3500
Bore ∅ mm 76.5 82.5 74.5 74.5
Stroke mm 86.9 92.8 85.7 76.4
Compression ratio 10.5 11.65 10.5 10.5
Injection/ignition Motronic Bosch
ME 17
manifold injection
Motronic SIMOS
TSI
Bosch Motronic
MG 1
TSI turbocharger
Motronic MED 17
TGI
RON unleaded, at
least
95 95 95 Natural gas and 95
Petrol en‐
gine partic‐
ulate filter
no no yes no
Polo 2018 ➤
Maintenance - Edition 07.2019
1. Engine list 1
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Engines ⇒ Petrol engine Petrol engine Petrol engine Petrol engine
Displace‐
ment
I 1.6 2.0 1.5 1.0
Engine code CWVB CZPC DADA DBYA
Camshaft drive Toothed belt Chain Toothed belt Toothed belt
Engines ⇒ Petrol engine Petrol engine Petrol engine Petrol engine
Displace‐
ment
I 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
Engine code DFNA DFNB DKJA DKLA
No. of cylinders/valves per
cylinder
3/4 3/4 3/4 3/4
Power kW at rpm 59/6200 48/5500-6200 85/5000-5500 70/5000-5500
Torque Nm at rpm 93/3000-4000 93/3000-4000 200/2000-3500 175/2000-3500
Bore ∅ mm 74.5 74.5 74.5 74.5
Stroke mm 76.4 76.4 76.4 76.4
Compression ratio 11.5 11.5 10.5 10.5
Injection/ignition Magneti Marelli
manifold injection
Magneti Marelli
manifold injection
Motronic Bosch
ME 17
TSI
Motronic Bosch
ME 17
TSI
RON unleaded, at
least
95 95 95 95
Petrol en‐
gine partic‐
ulate filter
no no no yes
Camshaft drive Toothed belt Toothed belt Toothed belt Toothed belt
Engines ⇒ Petrol engine Petrol engine Petrol engine Petrol engine
Displace‐
ment
I 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.0
Engine code DKRA DKRF DKZC DSGB
No. of cylinders/valves per
cylinder
3/4 3/4 4/4 3/4
Power kW at rpm 85/5000-5500 85/5000-5500 147/4900-6000 59/6300
Torque Nm at rpm 200/2000-35000 200/2000-3500 320/1500-4800 93/3000-3750
Bore ∅ mm 74.5 74.5 82.5 74.5
Stroke mm 76.4 76.4 92.8 76.4
Compression ratio 10.5 10.5 11.65 12.0
Injection/ignition Motronic ME 17
TSI
Motronic ME 17
TSI
Motronic SIMOS
TSI turbocharger
Magneti Marelli
manifold injection
RON unleaded, at
least
95 95 95 95
Petrol en‐
gine partic‐
ulate filter
yes yes yes no
Camshaft drive Toothed belt Toothed belt Chain Toothed belt
Polo 2018 ➤
Maintenance - Edition 07.2019
2 1. Engine list
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Polo AW1 diesel engines
Engines ⇒ Diesel engine Diesel engine
Displacement I 1.6 1.6
Engine code DGTC DGTD
No. of cylinders/valves per cylinder 4/4 4/4
Power kW at rpm 59/2700-4800 70/2750-4600
Torque Nm at rpm 230/1400-2400 250/1500-2600
Bore ∅ mm 79.5 79.5
Stroke mm 80.5 80.5
Compression ratio 16.2 16.2
Injection/ignition TDI
common rail
TDI
common rail
Diesel particle filters Yes Yes
Camshaft drive Toothed belt Toothed belt
Vehicles with a factory-fitted diesel particulate filter can be iden‐
tified by the PR number 7CN, 7MV on the vehicle data sticker.
Polo 2018 ➤
Maintenance - Edition 07.2019
1. Engine list 3
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2 Service work
Information reference flexible or fixed service ⇒ page 4
Service tables ⇒ page 6
2.1 Information about flexible or fixed serv‐
ice
Service identification ⇒ page 4
Flexible service ⇒ page 4
Fixed service ⇒ page 5
Service interval display ⇒ page 5
2.1.1 Service identification
– Referring to vehicle data sticker ⇒ page 18 , check if vehicle
is equipped with following PR numbers:
The PR number is decisive for the service intervals
⇒ page 6 .
Vehicle ID with PR number
Model year PR number Service
2018 ► QI6 Flexible service
2018 ► QI1, QI2, QI3, QI4, QI7 Fixed service
In the past, the PR numbers QG0, QG1 and QG2 determined the
type of service.
With immediate effect, these PR numbers only denote whether
an engine oil level sensor is installed or not and no longer have
an influence on the oil change interval.
2.1.2 Flexible service
The flexible service enables long service intervals, depending on
individual driving style and the conditions under which the vehicle
is used.
Note
For the flexible service a special LongLife engine oil is required
⇒ page 6 .
Vehicles with production control number “QI6” are set up for flex‐
ible service at the factory. This means that these vehicles have a
flexible service interval display and are fitted with the following
components:
♦ Flexible service interval display in dash panel insert
♦ Engine oil level sensor
♦ Brake pad wear indicator (if fitted)
For vehicles with flexible service the service interval is determined
by the control unit and is indicated on service interval display
(SID) ⇒ page 5 .
Therefore the service intervals are flexible.
Polo 2018 ➤
Maintenance - Edition 07.2019
4 2. Service work
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2.1.3 Fixed service
For vehicles with a fixed service, fixed services are calculated.
This means that the mileage or time values are already set by
Volkswagen. For normal operating conditions achieving these
service intervals is technically assured.
Therefore the service intervals are fixed.
The fixed service applies for the following vehicles:
• Vehicles that have not been delivered with extended service
intervals (ESI) (PR numbers “QI1”, “QI2”, “QI3”, “QI4”, “QI7”).
• Vehicles for which extended service interval (ESI) was stop‐
ped.
• Vehicles for which no LongLife engine oil was used.
These non-flexible service intervals apply to all types of service
including an engine oil change.
2.1.4 Service interval display
Introduction of extended servicing intervals (ESI) ⇒ page 5
Flexible service interval display (only vehicles with a flexible serv‐
ice) ⇒ page 5
Fixed service interval display (only vehicles with a fixed service)
⇒ page 6
Service type for service due ⇒ page 6
Service initial warning ⇒ page 6
Retrieving service information from Infotainment system
⇒ page 6
Service interval display: resetting ⇒ page 123
Service interval display: recoding ⇒ page 124
Introduction of extended servicing intervals (ESI)
Ask your importer if the extended servicing interval (ESI) is avail‐
able for your country.
Flexible service interval display (only vehicles with a flexible serv‐
ice)
Calculation of service intervals:
♦ The service intervals on vehicles with a flexible service is cal‐
culated. Input values such as, distance travelled, fuel con‐
sumption, oil temperature and loading on diesel particulate
filter are evaluated by the control unit.
♦ The result of the evaluation is a value for the deterioration of
the oil due to thermal loading.
♦ The oil deterioration is the deciding factor concerning the dis‐
tance that can still be driven to the next service.
Note
For vehicles with a flexible service but which are serviced ac‐
cording to fixed service intervals, the service interval display must
be recoded to “non-flexible” ⇒ page 124 .
Polo 2018 ➤
Maintenance - Edition 07.2019
2. Service work 5
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Fixed service interval display (only vehicles with a fixed service)
Calculation of service intervals:
♦ The service interval for vehicles with a fixed service is calcu‐
lated in fixed service intervals. This means that the mileage or
time values have been previously determined and specified by
Volkswagen.
♦ For normal operating conditions achieving these service in‐
tervals is technically assured.
Service type for service due
♦ On vehicles with text messages on dash panel insert, the
message “Service now” and a “spanner symbol” are dis‐
played.
The service information disappears after a few seconds or if en‐
gine is running.
Service initial warning
If a service is due, “Service initial warning” appears on dash panel
insert display when ignition is switched on.
♦ On vehicles with text messages on dash panel insert display
the following appears: “Service in --- km or --- days”.
The service information disappears after a few seconds or if en‐
gine is running.
♦ The service initial warning is displayed 20 days before the next
service is due.
♦ The remaining distance displayed is always rounded to the
nearest 100 km or the remaining time rounded to full days.
Retrieving service information from Infotainment system
The current service information can always be read with ignition
switched on, engine switched off and vehicle stationary.
– Switch on ignition.
– Switch on infotainment system.
– Press Home function button.
– Press Vehicle function button.
– Press Setup function button.
– In the menu, scroll to the Service function button.
– Press Service function button.
The service information is displayed in Infotainment system.
2.2 Service tables
Note
♦ The service tables apply in general with differences depending
on the vehicle model and equipment level. There is no relation
between individual vehicles and identified vehicle identifica‐
tion numbers.
♦ Vehicle-specific time and mileage dependent additional work
can only be found in the ⇒ maintenance tables .
Polo 2018 ➤
Maintenance - Edition 07.2019
6 2. Service work
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The 2019 Volkswagen Polo GTI Download Service & Repair Manual is a comprehensive guide designed to assist owners in maintaining and repairing their vehicle. This manual is specifically tailored for the 2019 Volkswagen Polo GTI model, providing detailed instructions and information to ensure optimal performance and longevity.
Key features of the 2019 Volkswagen Polo GTI Download Service & Repair Manual:
- Step-by-step instructions for routine maintenance tasks
- Detailed diagrams and illustrations for easy understanding
- Comprehensive troubleshooting guides for common issues
- Diagnosis procedures for electronic systems
- Recommended repair procedures and methods
- Specifications and technical data for accurate repairs
Owners of the 2019 Volkswagen Polo GTI can rely on this download service and repair manual to effectively address any issues that may arise. Whether it's a simple maintenance task or a complex repair, this manual provides the necessary guidance to get the job done right.
