1980-1990 Ford Escort Service & Repair Manual

Chapter 1 Routine maintenance and servicing Air cleaner element renewal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34 Alternator drivebelt check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 Automatic transmission fluid level check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 Automatic transmission selector mechanism check . . . . . . . . . . . .28 Battery check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 Brake components check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38 Brake fluid renewal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39 Contact breaker points adjustment - models with contact breaker distributor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 Contact breaker points renewal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 Coolant renewal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33 Crankcase emission control filter renewal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35 Distributor lubrication - models with contact breaker distributor . .12 Driveshaft check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29 Engine oil and filter renewal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 Exhaust manifold nut check - RS Turbo models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 Exhaust system check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 Fluid leak check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 Fluid level checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Front brake disc pad check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 Fuel filter renewal - fuel injection engines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36 Hinge and lock check and lubrication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 Idle speed and mixture adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 Ignition system components check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 Ignition timing check - models with contact breaker distributor . . .14 Intensive maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Manual transmission oil level check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26 Oil filler cap cleaning - OHV and HCS engines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 Rear brake shoe lining check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 Road test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 Roadwheel check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 Seat belt check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 Spark plug renewal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24 Spark plug renewal - RS Turbo models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 Suspension and steering check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Timing belt renewal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37 Turbocharger-to-manifold nut check - RS Turbo models . . . . . . . .23 Tyre checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 Valve clearance adjustment - OHV and HCS engines . . . . . . . . . . .21 1•1 Easy, suitable for novice with little experience Fairly easy, suitable for beginner with some experience Fairly difficult, suitable for competent DIY mechanic Difficult, suitable for experienced DIY mechanic Very difficult, suitable for expert DIY or professional Degrees of difficulty Contents 1

Engine Oil filter type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Champion C104 Valve clearances (cold): OHV engines: Inlet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.22 mm (0.008 in) Exhaust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.59 mm (0.023 in) HCS engines: Inlet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.22 mm (0.008 in) Exhaust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.32 mm (0.012 in) Cooling system Recommended antifreeze concentration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45% by volume Fuel system Idle speed: Carburettor models: All except Weber 2V TLDM carburettor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 750 to 850 rpm Weber 2V TLDM carburettor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 700 to 800 rpm Bosch K-Jetronic fuel injection models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 750 to 850 rpm Bosch KE-Jetronic fuel injection models: 1985 models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800 to 900 rpm 1986 models onwards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 920 to 960 rpm Electronic Fuel Injection (EFI) models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 900 ± 50 rpm Idle mixture CO content: Bosch K-Jetronic fuel injection models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 to 1.5 % Bosch KE-Jetronic fuel injection models: 1985 models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.25 to 0.75% 1986 models onwards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 to 1.1% Electronic Fuel Injection (EFI) models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 ± 0.25% (cooling fan running) Air filter element type: 1.1 litre and 1.3 litre OHV engines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Champion W153 1.1 litre and 1.3 litre HCS engines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Champion W225 1.1 litre and 1.3 litre CVH engines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Champion W127 1.4 litre CVH engine: Carburettor engines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Champion W179 Central Fuel Injection (CFI) engines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Champion W201 1.6 litre CVH engine (except XR3 models): Up to 1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Champion W169 1986 to October 1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Champion W201 October 1988 on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Champion W226 1.6 litre CVH engine (XR3 models) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Champion W201 Ignition system Contact breaker points gap: Bosch distributor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.40 to 0.50 mm (0.016 to 0.02 in) Lucas distributor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.40 to 0.59 mm (0.016 to 0.023 in) Dwell angle (contact breaker ignition system) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48º to 52º Ignition timing *: OHV engines: Up to 1984 (contact breaker) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12º BTDC at idle speed 1984-on (contact breaker) and all electronic ignition . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6º BTDC at idle speed CVH engines (all models) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12º BTDC at idle speed * Note: Ignition timing on models with either a Distributorless Ignition Sytem (DIS) or a programmed ignition system (ESC) cannot be adjusted. Refer to Chapter 5, Part B for further information. Spark plugs: Type: OHV and HCS engines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Champion RS9YCC or RS9YC CVH engines: Carburettor models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Champion RC7YCC or RC7YC Bosch K-Jetronic fuel injection and Electronic Fuel Injection (EFI) models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Champion C6YCC or RC6YC Bosch KE-Jetronic fuel injection models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Champion C61YC Central Fuel Injection (CFI) models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Champion RC7YCC or RC7YC4 Electrode gap: All except HCS and CFI models: RS9YCC, RC7YCC, C6YCC spark plugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 mm (0.032 in) RS9YC, RC7YC, RC6YC, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.7 mm (0.028 in) HCS and CFI models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 mm (0.039 in) 1•2 Servicing Specifications

Servicing Specifications 1•3 1 Brakes Minimum front brake disc pad thickness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 mm (0.06 in) Minimum rear brake shoe lining thickness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 mm (0.04 in) Tyres Tyre pressures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See “Weekly checks” on page 0•16 Torque wrench settings Nm lbf ft Exhaust manifold nuts - RS Turbo models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 to 17 10 to 13 Turbocharger-to-manifold nuts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 to 26 15 to 19 Spark plugs: OHV and HCS engines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 to 20 10 to 15 CVH engines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 38 18 to 28 Seat belt anchor bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 to 41 21 to 30 Roadwheel bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 to 100 52 to 74 Capacities Engine oil (drain and refill) OHV engine: With filter change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.25 litres (5.7 pints) Without filter change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.75 litres (4.8 pints) CVH engine: Carburettor engines with filter change: Pre-July 1982 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.75 litres (6.6 pints) July 1982 onwards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.50 litres (6.2 pints) Carburettor engines without filter change: Pre-July 1982 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.50 litres (6.2 pints) July 1982 onwards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.25 litres (5.7 pints) Fuel-injected engines with filter change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.85 litres (6.8 pints) Fuel-injected engines without filter change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.60 litres (6.3 pints) Fuel tank All models (except XR3i and Van) pre-May 1983 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 litres (8.8 gallons) All other models (except Van) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 litres (10.6 gallons) Van . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 litres (11.0 gallons) Cooling system 1.1 litre OHV engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 litres (11.8 pints) 1.1 litre CVH engine: With small radiator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 litres (11.0 pints) With large radiator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2 litres (12.6 pints) 1.3 litre OHV engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 litres (12.5 pints) 1.3 litre CVH engine: Pre-1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 litres (12.5 pints) 1986 onwards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6 litres (13.3 pints) 1.4 litre CVH engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6 litres (13.3 pints) 1.6 litre CVH engine: Pre-1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.9 litres (12.1 pints) 1986 onwards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.8 litres (13.7 pints) Transmission 4-speed manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 litres (4.9 pints) 5-speed manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 litres (5.5 pints) Automatic transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 litres (13.9 pints) The maintenance intervals in this manual are provided with the assumption that you, not the dealer, will be carrying out the work. These are the minimum maintenance intervals recommended by the manufacturer for vehicles driven daily. If you wish to keep your vehicle in peak condition at all times, you may wish to perform some of these procedures more often. We encourage frequent maintenance, because it enhances the efficiency, performance and resale value of your vehicle. If the vehicle is driven in dusty areas, used to tow a trailer, or driven frequently at slow speeds (idling in traffic) or on short journeys, more frequent maintenance intervals are recommended. When the vehicle is new, it should be serviced by a factory- authorised dealer service department, in order to preserve the factory warranty. Ford Escort maintenance schedule

1•4 Maintenance schedule Every 6000 miles (10 000 km) or 6 months – whichever comes first In addition to all the items in the 250 mile (400 km) service, carry out the following: m Renew the engine oil and filter (Section 6) m On OHV and HCS engines, remove and clean the oil filler cap (Section 7) m Check the hoses, hose clips and visible joint gaskets for leaks and any signs of corrosion or deterioration (Section 8) m Visually check the fuel pipes and hoses for security, chafing, leaks and corrosion (Section 8) m Check the fuel tank for leaks and any sign of damage or corrosion (Section 8) m On RS Turbo models check the tightness of the exhaust manifold retaining nuts (Section 9) m Check and if necessary adjust the idle speed and mixture settings (Section 10) m Clean the distributor cap, coil tower and HT leads and check for tracking (Section 11) m On contact breaker point distributors lubricate the distributor shaft and cam (Section 12) m On contact breaker point distributors check and if necessary adjust the points gap (dwell angle), then check the ignition timing (Sections 13 and 14) m On RS Turbo models renew the spark plugs (Section 15) m Check the front disc pad thickness (Section 16) m Check the rear brake shoe lining thickness (Section 17) m Check the steering and suspension components for any signs of damage and wear (Section 18) m Check the security of the front suspension lower arm balljoint (Section 18) m Check the seat belt webbing for cuts or damage and check the seat belt operation (Section 19) m Carefully inspect the paintwork for damage and the bodywork for corrosion (Chapter 11) m Check the condition and adjustment of the alternator drivebelt (Section 20) Every 12 000 miles (20 000 km) or 12 months - whichever comes first In addition to all the items in the 6000 mile (10 000 km) service, carry out the following: m On OHV and HCS engines check and if necessary adjust the valve clearances (Section 21) m Check the exhaust system condition and security (Section 22) m On RS Turbo models check the tightness of the turbocharger-to-manifold nuts (Section 23) m Renew the spark plugs (Sections 24 and 15) m On contact breaker point distributors renew the contact breaker points (Section 25) m Check and if necessary top-up the manual transmission oil (Section 26) m Check the automatic transmission fluid level - where applicable (Section 27) m Check the operation of the automatic transmission selector mechanism (Section 28) m Check the driveshafts for damage or distortion and check the condition of the constant velocity joint bellows (Section 29) m Inspect the roadwheels for damage (Section 30) m Check the tightness of the roadwheel bolts (Section 30) m Lubricate all hinges, door locks, check straps and the bonnet release mechanism (Section 31) m Check the operation of all door, tailgate, bonnet release and window regulator components (Section 31) m Carry out a road test (Section 32) Every 36 000 miles (60 000 km) or 3 years - whichever comes first In addition to all the items listed in the previous services, carry out the following: m On CVH engines renew the timing belt (Section 37) m Make a thorough inspection of all brake components and rubber seals for signs of leaks, general deterioration and wear (Section 38) m Renew the brake fluid (Section 39) Every 24 000 miles (40 000 km) or 2 years - whichever comes first In addition to all the items in the 12 000 mile (20 000 km) and 6000 mile (10 000 km) services, carry out the following: m Renew the coolant (Section 33) m Renew the air cleaner element (Section 34) m On CVH engines renew the crankcase emission control filter (Section 35) m On fuel-injected engines renew the fuel filter (Section 36) Every 250 miles (400 km) or weekly m See "Weekly checks"

Maintenance - Component location 1•5 1 1 Fuse and relay box 2 Windscreen wiper motor 3 Engine oil dipstick 4 Carburettor 5 Fuel pump 6 Battery negative terminal 7 Brake master cylinder reservoir 8 Distributor 9 Ignition coil 10 Washer reservoir 11 Thermostat housing 12 Oil filler cap 13 Vehicle identification plate 14 Engine tuning decal 15 Cooling system expansion tank 16 Suspension strut top mounting Engine and under bonnet component location on 1986 1.4 litre models (air cleaner removed for clarity) 1 Fuse and relay box 2 Windscreen wiper motor 3 Crankcase emission control filter 4 Engine oil dipstick 5 Throttle housing 6 Inlet manifold 7 Throttle position sensor 8 Charge air temperature sensor 9 Distributor 10 Brake master cylinder reservoir 11 Battery negative terminal 12 Ignition coil 13 Fuel filter 14 Washer reservoir 15 Air cleaner 16 Fuel distributor 17 Inlet air hose 18 Turbocharger 19 Vehicle identification plate 20 Engine tuning decal 21 Cooling system expansion tank 22 Suspension strut top mounting Engine and under bonnet component locations on 1986 RS Turbo models

1•6 Maintenance - Component location 1 Ventilation air inlet duct 2 Battery 3 Bonnet hinge 4 Suspension strut upper mounting 5 Brake system fluid reservoir 6 Ignition system ESC module 7 Windscreen washer reservoir filler cap 8 Transmission housing 9 Clutch release lever 10 Cooling fan motor 11 Starter motor 12 Engine oil filler neck (cap removed) 13 Exhaust manifold shield 14 Alternator 15 Coolant thermostat and fan thermal switch 16 Coolant expansion tank 17 Spark plug HT leads 18 Engine oil dipstick 19 Throttle cable 20 Choke cable 21 Carburettor 22 Fusebox 23 Windscreen wiper motor Engine and underbonnet components location on 1989 1.3 litre HCS model (air cleaner removed for clarity) 1 Anti-roll bar clamp 2 Anti-roll bar 3 Front suspension lower arm 4 Steering tie-rod 5 Transmission support crossmember 6 Gearchange rod 7 Gearchange stabiliser 8 Driveshaft 9 Engine oil drain plug 10 Brake caliper 11 Alternator 12 Exhaust front pipe 13 Starter motor Front underbody view of a 1986 1.4 litre Saloon model

Maintenance procedures 1•7 1 General information This Chapter is designed to help the home mechanic maintain his/her vehicle for safety, economy, long life and peak performance. The Chapter contains a master maintenance schedule, followed by Sections dealing specifically with each task on the schedule. Visual checks, adjustments, component renewal and other helpful items are included. Refer to the accompanying illustrations of the engine compartment and the underside of the vehicle for the locations of the various components. Servicing of your vehicle in accordance with the mileage/time maintenance schedule and the following Sections will provide a planned maintenance program, which should result in a long and reliable service life. This is a comprehensive plan, so maintaining some items but not others at the specified service intervals will not produce the same results. As you service your vehicle, you will discover that many of the procedures can - and should - be grouped together because of the particular procedure being performed, or because of the close proximity of two otherwise unrelated components to one another. For example, if the vehicle is raised for any reason, the exhaust can be inspected at the same time as the suspension and steering components. The first step in this maintenance program is to prepare yourself before the actual work begins. Read through all the Sections relevant to the work to be carried out, then make a list and gather together all the parts and tools required. If a problem is encountered, seek advice from a parts specialist, or a dealer service department. If, from the time the vehicle is new, the routine maintenance schedule is followed closely and frequent checks are made of fluid levels and high wear items, as suggested throughout this manual, the engine will be kept in relatively good running condition and the need for additional work will be minimised. It is possible that there will be times when the engine is running poorly due to the lack of regular maintenance. This is even more likely if a used vehicle, which has not received regular and frequent maintenance checks, is purchased. In such cases, additional work may need to be carried out, outside of the regular maintenance intervals. If engine wear is suspected, a compression test will provide valuable information regarding the overall performance of the main internal components. Such a test can be used as a basis to decide on the extent of the work to be carried out. If for example a compression test indicates serious internal engine wear, conventional maintenance as described in this Chapter will not greatly improve the performance of the engine, and may prove a waste of time and money, unless extensive overhaul work is carried out first. The following series of operations are those most often required to improve the performance of a generally poor-running engine. a) Clean, inspect and test the battery (Section 5). b) Check the levels of all the engine related fluids (Section 3). c) Check the condition and tension of the alternator drivebelt (Section 20). d) Check the condition of the spark plugs and renew if necessary (Section 15). e) Check the condition of the air cleaner element, and renew if necessary (Sec- tion 34). f) Check the condition of all hoses and check for fluid leaks. g) Check and if necessary adjust the idle speed (where possible) (Section 10). 2 Intensive maintenance 1 Introduction 1 Fuel filler pipe 2 Suspension lower arm 3 Tie-bar 4 Tie-bar front mounting 5 Fuel tank 6 Handbrake cable adjuster 7 Exhaust mounting 8 Exhaust intermediate silencer 9 Exhaust rear silencer 10 Rear towing eye Rear underbody view of a 1986 1.4 litre Saloon model

1 Frequent oil and filter changes are the most important preventative maintenance procedures that can be undertaken by the DIY owner. As engine oil ages, it becomes diluted and contaminated, which leads to premature engine wear. 2 Before starting this procedure, gather together all the necessary tools and materials. Also make sure that you have plenty of clean rags and newspapers handy to mop up any spills. Ideally, the engine oil should be warm, as it will drain better and more built-up sludge will be removed with it. Take care, however, not to touch the exhaust or any other hot parts of the engine when working under the vehicle. To avoid any possibility of scalding, and to protect yourself from possible skin irritants and other harmful contaminants in used engine oils, it is advisable to wear rubber gloves when carrying out this work. Access to the underside of the vehicle will be greatly improved if it can be raised on a lift, driven onto ramps or jacked up and supported on axle stands (see “Jacking and Vehicle Support”). Whichever method is chosen, make sure that the vehicle remains as level as possible, to enable the oil to drain fully. 3 Remove the oil filler cap from the rocker cover, then position a container beneath the sump. 4 Clean the drain plug and the area around it, then slacken it using a suitable socket or spanner (see illustration). If possible, try to keep the plug pressed into the sump while unscrewing it by hand the last couple of turns. As the plug releases from the threads, move it away sharply so the stream of oil issuing from the sump runs into the container, not up your sleeve! 5 Allow some time for the old oil to drain, noting that it may be necessary to reposition the container as the oil flow slows to a trickle. 6 After all the oil has drained, wipe off the drain plug with a clean rag and check the condition of the sealing washer. Renew the washer if necessary. Clean the area around the drain plug opening, then refit and tighten the plug to the specified torque setting. 7 Move the container into position under the oil filter. The oil filter is located at the rear of the cylinder block, and is accessible from under the vehicle (see illustration) 8 Using an oil filter removal tool, slacken the filter initially. Loosely wrap some rags around the oil filter, then unscrew it and immediately position it with its open end uppermost to prevent further spillage of oil. Remove the oil filter from the engine compartment and empty the oil into the container. 9 Use a clean rag to remove all oil, dirt and sludge from the filter sealing area on the engine. Check the old filter to make sure that the rubber sealing ring hasn’t stuck to the engine. If it has, carefully remove it. 10 Apply a light coating of clean oil to the sealing ring on the new filter, then screw it into position on the engine. Tighten the filter firmly by hand only - do not use any tools. Wipe clean the exterior of the oil filter. 11 Remove the old oil and all tools from under the vehicle, then (if applicable) lower the vehicle to the ground. 12 Fill the engine with the specified quantity and grade of oil, as described in “Weekly checks”. Pour the oil in slowly, otherwise it may overflow from the top of the rocker cover. Check that the oil level is up to the correct level on the dipstick, then refit and tighten the oil filler cap. 13 Run the engine for a few minutes, and check that there are no leaks around the oil filter seal and the sump drain plug. 14 Switch off the engine and wait a few minutes for the oil to settle in the sump once more. With the new oil circulated and the filter now completely full, recheck the level on the dipstick and add more oil if necessary. 15 Dispose of the used engine oil safely with reference to “General repair procedures” in the Reference Sections at the end of this manual. 6 Engine oil and filter renewal Every 6000 miles or 6 months 1•8 Maintenance procedures See “Weekly checks” starting on Page 0•10. See “Weekly checks” starting on Page 0•10. See “Weekly checks” starting on Page 0•10. 5 Battery check 4 Tyre checks 3 Fluid level checks Weekly checks 6.7 Oil filter location - CVH engine 6.4 Engine oil drain plug (arrowed) - CVH engine

Every 6000 miles or 6 Months 1•9 1 1 Simply pull the oil filler cap from the rocker cover and, where applicable, disconnect the hose(s) from the cap. 2 Inspect the filler cap, and if necessary clean the cap using clean petrol to remove any deposits. 3 Ensure that the cap is completely dry before refitting. 1 Visually inspect the engine joint faces, gaskets and seals for any signs of water or oil leaks. Pay particular attention to the areas around the rocker cover, cylinder head, oil filter and sump joint faces. Bear in mind that over a period of time some very slight seepage from these areas is to be expected but what you are really looking for is any indication of a serious leak. Should a leak be found, renew the offending gasket or oil seal by referring to the appropriate Chapter(s) in this manual. 2 Similarly, check the transmission for oil leaks, and investigate and rectify and problems found. 3 Check the security and condition of all the engine related pipes and hoses. Ensure that all cable-ties or securing clips are in place and in good condition. Clips which are broken or missing can lead to chafing of the hoses, pipes or wiring which could cause more serious problems in the future. 4 Carefully check the condition of all coolant, fuel and brake hoses. Renew any hose which is cracked, swollen or deteriorated. Cracks will show up better if the hose is squeezed. Pay close attention to the hose clips that secure the hoses to the system components. Hose clips can pinch and puncture hoses, resulting in leaks. If wire type hose clips are used, it may be a good idea to replace them with screw-type clips. 5 With the vehicle raised, inspect the fuel tank and filler neck for punctures, cracks and other damage. The connection between the filler neck and tank is especially critical. Sometimes a rubber filler neck or connecting hose will leak due to loose retaining clamps or deteriorated rubber. 6 Similarly, inspect all brake hoses and metal pipes. If any damage or deterioration is discovered, do not drive the vehicle until the necessary repair work has been carried out. Renew any damaged sections of hose or pipe. 7 Carefully check all rubber hoses and metal fuel lines leading away from the petrol tank. Check for loose connections, deteriorated hoses, crimped lines and other damage. Pay particular attention to the vent pipes and hoses which often loop up around the filler neck and can become blocked or crimped. Follow the lines to the front of the vehicle carefully inspecting them all the way. Renew damaged sections as necessary. 8 From within the engine compartment, check the security of all fuel hose attachments and pipe unions, and inspect the fuel hoses and vacuum hoses for kinks, chafing and deterioration. 9 Where applicable, check the condition of the oil cooler hoses and pipes. 10 Check the condition of all exposed wiring harnesses. 11 Also check the engine and transmission components for signs of fluid leaks. Check the tightness of the exhaust manifold securing nuts using a torque wrench. Note: Before carrying out any carburettor adjustment, ensure that the contact breaker points, ignition timing and spark plug gaps (as applicable) are set as specified and that the distributor is operating correctly (where applicable). To carry out the adjustments an accurate tachometer will be required and the use of an exhaust gas analyser (CO meter) is also preferable. Models with Ford VV carburettor Idle speed 1 With the engine at normal operating temperature, connect a tachometer in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. 2 Disconnect the wiring multi-plug from the radiator cooling fan thermostatic switch in the thermostat housing and bridge the two contacts in the plug using a suitable length of wire. This is necessary so that the cooling fan runs continuously during adjustment. 3 On automatic transmission models slacken the adjuster screw on the throttle valve shaft lever to give clearance of 2 to 3 mm (0.079 to 0.118 in) - see Chapter 7, Part B. 4 Ensure that the air cleaner is fitted and that its vacuum hoses are not in any way trapped or pinched, particularly between the air cleaner body and the top face of the carburettor. 5 Run the engine at 3000 rpm for 30 seconds, then allow it to idle and note the idle speed. If using an exhaust gas analyser it should be noted that initially the CO% reading will rise, but then fall and stabilise after a period of 5 to 25 seconds. The CO reading should then be as specified. Idle mixture 6 If necessary, adjust the idle speed adjustment screw to give the specified idle speed (see illustration). 7 Adjustment of the CO content (mixture) is not normally required during routine maintenance, but if the reading noted in paragraph 5 is not as given in the Specifications first remove the tamperproof plug, prising it free using a small screwdriver. 8 Run the engine at 3000 rpm for 30 seconds, then allow it to idle. Adjust the mixture screw (see illustration 10.6) within 30 seconds. If more time is required run the engine at 3000 rpm again for 30 seconds. 9 Adjust the idle speed if necessary and recheck the CO content. 10 Fit a new tamperproof plug to the mixture adjuster screw on completion. It should be noted that mixture adjustment without a CO analyser is not accurate and therefore not recommended. 11 On completion disconnect the instruments, remove the cooling fan bridging wire and reconnect the multi-plug. 12 On automatic transmission models adjust the downshift linkage (Chapter 7, Part B). Models with Weber 2V carburettor 13 The procedure is the same as for the Ford VV carburettor as described previously in this Section, but the adjusting screw locations are as shown (see illustrations). Models with Bosch K-Jetronic fuel injection system 14 The idle speed and fuel mixture adjustments will normally only be required after the installation of new components. 10 Idle speed and mixture adjustment 9 Exhaust manifold nut check - RS Turbo models 8 Fluid leak check 7 Oil filler cap cleaning - OHV and HCS engines 10.6 Idle speed adjustment screw (A) and mixture adjustment screw (B) - Ford VV carburettor Caution: Certain adjustment points in the fuel system are protected by “tamperproof” caps, plugs or seals. In some EEC countries (though not yet in the UK) it is an offence to drive a vehicle with broken or missing tamperproof seals. Before disturbing a tamperproof seal, satisfy yourself that you will not be breaking any local or national laws by doing so, and fit a new seal after adjustment is complete where required by law. Do not break tamperproof seals on a vehicle which is still under warranty.

1980-1990 Ford Escort Service & Repair Manual

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