Ti 84 Plus Calculator - Speedy Publishing

TI-84 Plus and TI-84 Plus Silver Edition Guidebook Note: This guidebook for the TI-84 Plus or TI-84 Plus Silver Edition with operating system (OS) version 2.55MP. If your calculator has a previous OS version, your screens may look different and some features may not be available. You can download the latest OS education.ti.com/guides.

ii Important Information Texas Instruments makes no warranty, either express or implied, including but not limited to any implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, regarding any programs or book materials and makes such materials available solely on an "as-is" basis. In no event shall Texas Instruments be liable to anyone for special, collateral, incidental, or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the purchase or use of these materials, and the sole and exclusive liability of Texas Instruments, regardless of the form of action, shall not exceed the purchase price of this product. Moreover, Texas Instruments shall not be liable for any claim of any kind whatsoever against the use of these materials by any other party. © 2004–2010 Texas Instruments Incorporated Vernier EasyData, Vernier LabPro, and Vernier Go! Motion are a trademarks of Vernier Software & Technology.

Contents iii Important Information .................................................................................................................... ii Chapter 1: Operating the TI-84 Plus Silver Edition .................................................................... 1 Documentation Conventions .......................................................................................................... 1 TI-84 Plus Keyboard ......................................................................................................................... 1 Turning On and Turning Off the TI-84 Plus .................................................................................... 3 Setting the Display Contrast ........................................................................................................... 4 The Display ....................................................................................................................................... 5 Interchangeable Faceplates ............................................................................................................ 8 Using the Clock ................................................................................................................................ 9 Entering Expressions and Instructions .......................................................................................... 11 Setting Modes ................................................................................................................................ 14 Using TI-84 Plus Variable Names ................................................................................................... 19 Storing Variable Values ................................................................................................................. 20 Recalling Variable Values .............................................................................................................. 21 Scrolling Through Previous Entries on the Home Screen ............................................................ 22 ENTRY (Last Entry) Storage Area .................................................................................................. 22 TI-84 Plus Menus ............................................................................................................................ 25 VARS and VARS Y-VARS Menus ..................................................................................................... 27 Equation Operating System (EOS™) ............................................................................................. 29 Special Features of the TI-84 Plus ................................................................................................. 30 Other TI-84 Plus Features .............................................................................................................. 31 Error Conditions ............................................................................................................................. 33 Chapter 2: Math, Angle, and Test Operations ......................................................................... 35 Getting Started: Coin Flip ............................................................................................................. 35 Keyboard Math Operations .......................................................................................................... 36 MATH Operations .......................................................................................................................... 38 Using the Equation Solver ............................................................................................................. 42 MATH NUM (Number) Operations ................................................................................................ 45 Entering and Using Complex Numbers ........................................................................................ 50 MATH CPX (Complex) Operations ................................................................................................ 54 MATH PRB (Probability) Operations ............................................................................................. 56 ANGLE Operations ......................................................................................................................... 59 TEST (Relational) Operations ........................................................................................................ 62 TEST LOGIC (Boolean) Operations ................................................................................................ 63 Chapter 3: Function Graphing .................................................................................................. 65 Getting Started: Graphing a Circle ............................................................................................... 65 Defining Graphs ............................................................................................................................. 66 Setting the Graph Modes .............................................................................................................. 67 Defining Functions ........................................................................................................................ 68 Selecting and Deselecting Functions ............................................................................................ 69 Setting Graph Styles for Functions ............................................................................................... 71 Setting the Viewing Window Variables ....................................................................................... 73 Setting the Graph Format ............................................................................................................. 74 Displaying Graphs .......................................................................................................................... 76 Exploring Graphs with the Free-Moving Cursor .......................................................................... 78 Exploring Graphs with TRACE ....................................................................................................... 78 Exploring Graphs with the ZOOM Instructions ............................................................................ 80 Using ZOOM MEMORY .................................................................................................................. 85 Using the CALC (Calculate) Operations ........................................................................................ 87

iv Chapter 4: Parametric Graphing .............................................................................................. 91 Getting Started: Path of a Ball ...................................................................................................... 91 Defining and Displaying Parametric Graphs ................................................................................ 93 Exploring Parametric Graphs ........................................................................................................ 95 Chapter 5: Polar Graphing ........................................................................................................ 97 Getting Started: Polar Rose ........................................................................................................... 97 Defining and Displaying Polar Graphs ......................................................................................... 98 Exploring Polar Graphs ................................................................................................................ 100 Chapter 6: Sequence Graphing ............................................................................................... 102 Getting Started: Forest and Trees ............................................................................................... 102 Defining and Displaying Sequence Graphs ................................................................................ 103 Selecting Axes Combinations ...................................................................................................... 107 Exploring Sequence Graphs ........................................................................................................ 107 Graphing Web Plots ..................................................................................................................... 109 Using Web Plots to Illustrate Convergence ................................................................................ 110 Graphing Phase Plots ................................................................................................................... 111 Comparing TI-84 Plus and TI-82 Sequence Variables ................................................................. 113 Keystroke Differences Between TI-84 Plus and TI-82 ................................................................................................................................. 114 Chapter 7: Tables ..................................................................................................................... 115 Getting Started: Roots of a Function .......................................................................................... 115 Setting Up the Table .................................................................................................................... 116 Defining the Dependent Variables ............................................................................................. 117 Displaying the Table .................................................................................................................... 118 Chapter 8: Draw Instructions ................................................................................................. 121 Getting Started: Drawing a Tangent Line .................................................................................. 121 Using the DRAW Menu ............................................................................................................... 122 Clearing Drawings ....................................................................................................................... 123 Drawing Line Segments .............................................................................................................. 124 Drawing Horizontal and Vertical Lines ...................................................................................... 125 Drawing Tangent Lines ................................................................................................................ 126 Drawing Functions and Inverses ................................................................................................. 127 Shading Areas on a Graph .......................................................................................................... 128 Drawing Circles ............................................................................................................................ 128 Placing Text on a Graph .............................................................................................................. 129 Using Pen to Draw on a Graph ................................................................................................... 130 Drawing Points on a Graph ......................................................................................................... 131 Drawing Pixels ............................................................................................................................. 132 Storing Graph Pictures (Pic) ......................................................................................................... 134 Recalling Graph Pictures (Pic) ...................................................................................................... 135 Storing Graph Databases (GDB) .................................................................................................. 135 Recalling Graph Databases (GDB) ............................................................................................... 136 Chapter 9: Split Screen ........................................................................................................... 137 Getting Started: Exploring the Unit Circle ................................................................................. 137 Using Split Screen ........................................................................................................................ 138

v Horiz (Horizontal) Split Screen .................................................................................................... 139 G-T (Graph-Table) Split Screen .................................................................................................... 140 TI-84 Plus Pixels in Horiz and G-T Modes .................................................................................... 141 Chapter 10: Matrices ................................................................................................................. 143 Getting Started: Using the MTRX Shortcut Menu ..................................................................... 143 Getting Started: Systems of Linear Equations ............................................................................ 144 Defining a Matrix ........................................................................................................................ 145 Viewing and Editing Matrix Elements ........................................................................................ 146 Using Matrices with Expressions ................................................................................................. 148 Displaying and Copying Matrices ............................................................................................... 149 Using Math Functions with Matrices .......................................................................................... 151 Using the MATRX MATH Operations .......................................................................................... 154 Chapter 11: Lists ........................................................................................................................ 161 Getting Started: Generating a Sequence ................................................................................... 161 Naming Lists ................................................................................................................................. 162 Storing and Displaying Lists ........................................................................................................ 163 Entering List Names ..................................................................................................................... 164 Attaching Formulas to List Names .............................................................................................. 165 Using Lists in Expressions ............................................................................................................ 167 LIST OPS Menu ............................................................................................................................. 168 LIST MATH Menu ......................................................................................................................... 175 Chapter 12: Statistics ................................................................................................................ 178 Getting Started: Pendulum Lengths and Periods ...................................................................... 178 Setting Up Statistical Analyses .................................................................................................... 184 Using the Stat List Editor ............................................................................................................. 185 Attaching Formulas to List Names .............................................................................................. 188 Detaching Formulas from List Names ......................................................................................... 190 Switching Stat List Editor Contexts ............................................................................................. 190 Stat List Editor Contexts .............................................................................................................. 192 STAT EDIT Menu ........................................................................................................................... 193 Regression Model Features ......................................................................................................... 195 STAT CALC Menu .......................................................................................................................... 198 Statistical Variables ...................................................................................................................... 206 Statistical Analysis in a Program ................................................................................................. 207 Statistical Plotting ........................................................................................................................ 208 Statistical Plotting in a Program ................................................................................................. 212 Chapter 13: Inferential Statistics and Distributions ............................................................... 215 Getting Started: Mean Height of a Population ......................................................................... 215 Inferential Stat Editors ................................................................................................................ 218 STAT TESTS Menu ......................................................................................................................... 221 Inferential Statistics Input Descriptions ...................................................................................... 239 Test and Interval Output Variables ............................................................................................. 240 Distribution Functions ................................................................................................................. 241 Distribution Shading ................................................................................................................... 248 Chapter 14: Applications .......................................................................................................... 251 The Applications Menu ............................................................................................................... 251

vi Getting Started: Financing a Car ................................................................................................ 252 Getting Started: Computing Compound Interest ...................................................................... 253 Using the TVM Solver ................................................................................................................. 253 Using the Financial Functions ..................................................................................................... 254 Calculating Time Value of Money (TVM) ................................................................................... 255 Calculating Cash Flows ................................................................................................................ 257 Calculating Amortization ............................................................................................................ 258 Calculating Interest Conversion .................................................................................................. 261 Finding Days between Dates/Defining Payment Method ......................................................... 261 Using the TVM Variables ............................................................................................................. 262 The EasyData™ Application ........................................................................................................ 263 Chapter 15: CATALOG, Strings, Hyperbolic Functions ............................................................ 266 Browsing the TI-84 Plus CATALOG .............................................................................................. 266 Entering and Using Strings ......................................................................................................... 267 Storing Strings to String Variables .............................................................................................. 268 String Functions and Instructions in the CATALOG ................................................................... 269 Hyperbolic Functions in the CATALOG ....................................................................................... 273 Chapter 16: Programming ........................................................................................................ 275 Getting Started: Volume of a Cylinder ....................................................................................... 275 Creating and Deleting Programs ................................................................................................ 276 Entering Command Lines and Executing Programs ................................................................... 278 Editing Programs ......................................................................................................................... 279 Copying and Renaming Programs .............................................................................................. 280 PRGM CTL (Control) Instructions ................................................................................................. 281 PRGM I/O (Input/Output) Instructions ........................................................................................ 288 Calling Other Programs as Subroutines ...................................................................................... 293 Running an Assembly Language Program ................................................................................. 294 Chapter 17: Activities ............................................................................................................... 296 The Quadratic Formula ............................................................................................................... 296 Box with Lid ................................................................................................................................. 299 Comparing Test Results Using Box Plots ..................................................................................... 306 Graphing Piecewise Functions .................................................................................................... 308 Graphing Inequalities .................................................................................................................. 309 Solving a System of Nonlinear Equations ................................................................................... 310 Using a Program to Create the Sierpinski Triangle .................................................................... 311 Graphing Cobweb Attractors ...................................................................................................... 312 Using a Program to Guess the Coefficients ................................................................................ 313 Graphing the Unit Circle and Trigonometric Curves ................................................................. 315 Finding the Area between Curves .............................................................................................. 316 Using Parametric Equations: Ferris Wheel Problem .................................................................. 317 Demonstrating the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus ............................................................ 319 Computing Areas of Regular N-Sided Polygons ........................................................................ 321 Computing and Graphing Mortgage Payments ........................................................................ 323 Chapter 18: Memory and Variable Management .................................................................... 326 Checking Available Memory ....................................................................................................... 326 Deleting Items from Memory ..................................................................................................... 329 Clearing Entries and List Elements ............................................................................................. 329 Archiving and UnArchiving Variables ......................................................................................... 330

vii Resetting the TI-84 Plus ............................................................................................................... 333 Grouping and Ungrouping Variables ......................................................................................... 336 Garbage Collection ...................................................................................................................... 339 ERR:ARCHIVE FULL Message ....................................................................................................... 343 Chapter 19: Communication Link ............................................................................................. 344 Getting Started: Sending Variables ............................................................................................ 344 TI-84 Plus LINK ............................................................................................................................. 345 Selecting Items to Send ............................................................................................................... 347 Receiving Items ............................................................................................................................ 350 Backing Up RAM Memory ........................................................................................................... 351 Error Conditions ........................................................................................................................... 352 Appendix A: Functions and Instructions ................................................................................... 354 Appendix B: Reference Information ......................................................................................... 383 Variables ....................................................................................................................................... 383 Statistics Formulas ....................................................................................................................... 384 Financial Formulas ....................................................................................................................... 387 Important Things You Need to Know About Your TI-84 Plus ................................................... 391 Error Conditions ........................................................................................................................... 394 Accuracy Information .................................................................................................................. 398 Appendix C: Service and Warranty Information ...................................................................... 400 Texas Instruments Support and Service ...................................................................................... 400 Battery Information ..................................................................................................................... 400 In Case of Difficulty ..................................................................................................................... 402

Chapter 1: Operating the TI-84 Plus Silver Edition 1 Chapter 1: Operating the TI-84 Plus Silver Edition Documentation Conventions In the body of this guidebook, TI-84 Plus refers to the TI-84 Plus Silver Edition, but all of the instructions, examples, and functions in this guidebook also work for the TI-84 Plus. The two graphing calculators differ only in available RAM memory, interchangeable faceplates, and Flash application ROM memory. Sometimes, as in Chapter 19, the full name TI-84 Plus Silver Edition is used to distinguish it from the TI-84 Plus. Screen shots were taken using OS version 2.53MP and higher in either MathPrint™ or Classic mode. All features are available in both modes; however, screens make look slightly different depending on the mode setting. Many examples highlight features that are not available in previous OS versions. If your calculator does not have the latest OS, features may not be available and your screens may look different. You can download the latest OS from education.ti.com . A new MODE menu item, STAT WIZARDS is available with OS version 2.55MP for syntax entry help for commands and functions in the STAT CALC menu, DISTR DISTR menu, DISTR DRAW menu and the seq( function (sequence) in the LIST OPS menu. When selecting a supported statistics command, regression or distribution with the STAT WIZARDS setting ON: (the default setting) a syntax help (wizard) screen is displayed. The wizard allows the entry of required and optional arguments. The function or command will paste with the entered arguments to the Home Screen history or in most other locations where the cursor is available for input. If a command or function is accessed from Nthe command or function will paste without wizard support. Run the Catalog Help application (Œ) for more syntax help when needed. APPS TI-84 Plus Keyboard Generally, the keyboard is divided into these zones: graphing keys, editing keys, advanced function keys, and scientific calculator keys. Keyboard Zones Graphing — Graphing keys access the interactive graphing features. The third function of these keys (t ^-a) displays the shortcut menus, which include templates for fractions, n/d, quick matrix entry, and some of the functions found on the MATH and VARS menus. Editing — Editing keys allow you to edit expressions and values. Advanced — Advanced function keys display menus that access the advanced functions. Scientific — Scientific calculator keys access the capabilities of a standard scientific calculator.

Graphing Keys Editing Keys Advanced Function Keys Scientific Calculator Keys Chapter 1: Operating the TI-84 Plus Silver Edition 2 TI-84 Plus Silver Edition Using the Color.Coded Keyboard The keys on the TI-84 Plus are color-coded to help you easily locate the key you need. The light colored keys are the number keys. The keys along the right side of the keyboard are the common math functions. The keys across the top set up and display graphs. The Œ key provides access to applications such as the Inequality Graphing, Transformation Graphing, Conic Graphing, Polynomial Root Finder and Simultaneous Equation Solver, and Catalog Help. The primary function of each key is printed on the keys. For example, when you press , the MATH menu is displayed. Using the y and ƒ Keys The secondary function of each key is printed above the key. When you press the y key, the character, abbreviation, or word printed above the other keys becomes active for the next keystroke. For example, when you press y and then , the TEST menu is displayed. This guidebook describes this keystroke combination as y :. Many keys also have a third function. These functions are printed above the keys in the same color as the ƒ key. The third functions enter alphabetic characters and special symbols as well as access SOLVE and shortcut menus. For example, when you press ƒ and then , the letter A is entered. This guidebook describes this keystroke combination as ƒ [A].

y Accesses the second function printed above each key. ƒ Accesses the third function printed above each key. ƒ ^ - a Access shortcut menus for functionality including templates for fractions, n/d, and other functions. Chapter 1: Operating the TI-84 Plus Silver Edition 3 If you want to enter several alphabetic characters in a row, you can press y 7to lock the alpha key in the On position and avoid having to press ƒ multiple times. Press ƒ a second time to unlock it. Note: The flashing cursor changes to Ø when you press ƒ, even if you are accessing a function or a menu. Turning On and Turning Off the TI-84 Plus Turning On the Graphing Calculator To turn on the TI-84 Plus, press É. An information screen displays reminding you that you can press t^ - a to display the shortcut menus. This message also displays when you reset RAM. To continue but not see this information screen again, press 1. To continue and see this information screen again the next time you turn on the TI-84 Plus, press 2. • If you previously had turned off the graphing calculator by pressing y M, the TI-84 Plus displays the home screen as it was when you last used it and clears any error. (The information screen displays first, unless you chose not to see it again.) If the home screen is blank, press } to scroll through the history of previous calculations. • If Automatic Power Down™ (APD™) had previously turned off the graphing calculator, the TI-84 Plus will return exactly as you left it, including the display, cursor, and any error.

Ti 84 Plus Calculator - Speedy Publishing

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