Holset HX30 HX32 HX35 HX40 HXM Turbo Service Repair Manual
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Holset HX30/32/35/40/M
Service Repair Manual
Copyright 2007, Cummins Turbo Technologies Ltd. All rights reserved.
VGT, Command Valve and Super MWE are trade marks of Cummins Turbo Technologies Ltd.
Holset and the Holset Logo are registered trade marks of Cummins Turbo Technologies Ltd.
Cummins and the Cummins logo are registered trade marks of Cummins Inc.
HX30/32/35/40/M Service Repair Manual Foreword
Foreword
This publication was written to assist with installation, maintenance and overhaul. It is not a warranty of any
kind expressed or implied.
The specifications and procedures in this manual are based on information in effect at the time of publication.
Cummins Turbo Technologies Ltd reserves the right to make any changes at any time without obligation. If
differences are found between your turbocharger and the information in this manual, contact your local
approved agent.
The latest technology and the highest quality standards are used in the manufacture of Holset Turbochargers.
When replacement parts are needed, we recommend using only genuine Holset parts.
HX30/32/35/40/M Service Repair Manual Table of Contents
Table of Contents
1: Introduction
About the Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1:1
How to Use the Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1:1
How to Order Holset Original Parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1:1
Description and Operation of Turbocharger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1:2
General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1:2
Introduction to Turbocharger Matching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1:2
Notes, Cautions and Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1:3
Installation Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1:4
Installation Checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1:5
Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1:6
2: Component Identification
Turbocharger Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2:1
Dataplate and CHRA (Core) of Turbocharger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2:1
Installation Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2:2
Exploded Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2:7
Component List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2:11
3: Troubleshooting and Diagnosis
Fault Finding Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3:1
4: Component Testing and Replacement
Service Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4:1
On Engine Checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4:2
Bearing Clearance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4:6
Turbine and Compressor Housings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4:7
Cleaning of Housings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4:16
5: Turbocharger Service and Overhaul
Service Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5:1
Compressor Wheel Locknut Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5:2
Disassembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5:3
Component Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5:7
Inspection and Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5:9
Reassembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5:15
6: Service Data Sheets
HX Range Service Data Sheets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6:1
HX30/32/35/40/M Service Repair Manual Introduction
1:1
About the Manual
The procedures in this manual were developed to instruct in the correct overhaul of the designated
turbochargers for optimum performance and minimum maintenance operation.
How to Use the Manual
The manual is split into sections designed to provide service information in a logical sequence. The manual
contains links to help the user navigate between relevant sections. Users who are unfamilier with navigating in
PDF documents are refered to Navigating in PDF documents in the Adobe® Acrobat® Reader™ help file.
Contents is an interactive page with links to all the sections. It can be accessed from any page
in the manual by clicking this icon.
Section 1 defines the layout of the manual, introduces the reader to the operation of the turbocharger
and presents important installation guidelines.
Sections 2, 3 and 4 concentrate on Turbocharger Component Identification, Troubleshooting and
Diagnosis, Component Testing and Replacement.
Section 5 identifies the Service and Overhaul procedures to be followed in the unlikely event of a
major turbocharger malfunction.
Section 6 quantifies build data to ensure the turbocharger will continue to operate to Holset Service
standard on completion of overhaul.
Manual sections 1 to 5 where applicable, appear as a self extracting compressed file which is organised
according to the steps needed to most easily and correctly maintain the operation of the turbocharger. Users
are required to download this file to hard disk. Section 6 has its own file identity and resides at
www.holsetaftermarket.com so that service data can be updated as changes occur. The links between manual
and service data are active only when the user is connected to the Internet.
Chapter 6 has an expiry date to encourage users to discard outdated saved or printed versions and always
access the latest information available at www.holsetaftermarket.com.
When using the manual on-line this icon will link to Holset Aftermarket’s website to help find your
nearest agent for advice and how to order Holset original parts.
How to Order Holset Original Parts
To make sure of optimum performance, certain items must be discarded during disassembly and replaced with
new for re-assembly. These items are indicated in the Service and Overhaul section with the use of a* symbol.
All items showing a* are available in a basic overhaul kit.
To get the correct parts for your turbocharger, refer to the ‘component identification’ section of this manual to
help you find the following information:
1) Refer to the exploded view and component list to define the major components to be replaced.
2) Refer to the turbocharger’s dataplate which will be found on the compressor housing or wastegate
actuator to define the identifying information about your turbocharger build standard.
3) Contact your local agent with component identification nos. and dataplate assembly no., serial
no. and turbocharger type.
4) With this information, your local agent can provide you with the optimum kit of parts for re-assembling
your turbocharger for continued long life operation.
HX30/32/35/40/M Service Repair Manual Introduction
Description and Operation of Turbocharger
1:2
General Information
A turbocharger is a mechanical device which uses the engine’s exhaust gases to force more air into the engine
cylinders. Hot exhaust gas energy is used to turn a turbine wheel and shaft. At the other end of the shaft is the
compressor impeller (or compressor wheel), which draws in air and forces it into the engine cylinders.
Supplying increased air mass flow to the engine provides improved engine performance, lower exhaust smoke
density, improved operating economy and altitude compensation. The turbocharger has proven to be one of the
most beneficial devices for improving engine performance. It performs its job very well, as long as it is properly
cared for.
Introduction to Turbocharger Matching
The need for optimised matching over the engine speed range
A standard turbocharger can be perfectly matched to only one particular engine condition, eg maximum torque
speed or maximum load speed. At this engine speed, the turbocharger supplies the optimum mass of air to
give the required air/fuel ratio. At other speeds the air/fuel ratio cannot be held at the optimum hence fuel
consumption and emission levels worsen.
Engine emission legislations have forced manufacturers to improve their engine efficiencies, particularly at low
speeds where low air/fuel ratios cause high smoke levels.
The Holset turbocharger is carefully matched to meet the required engine characteristics during application
engineering. It is important that this match is maintained by using only Holset original turbine and compressor
parts.
The importance of correctly servicing the turbocharger
A turbocharger requires accurate assembly at point of manufacture. It is very important to adhere to setting
limits when servicing the turbocharger, as failure to do so could result in turbocharger or engine failure.
Effects of wrong match
Possible consequences if turbocharger boost pressure is too low:-
• Engine runs fuel rich • Fuel consumption increase
• Exhaust temperature increase • Smoke levels increase
• Hydrocarbon levels increase • Risks of failing emissions tests
• High cylinder temperature risks
damage to engine pistons
Possible consequences if turbocharger boost pressure is too high:-
• Engine runs fuel weak (lean) • Nitrous oxide levels increase
• Excessive boost overspeeds • Turbocharger bearing failure and
turbocharger wheel fatigue problems
• Increased cylinder pressure risks damage • Intercooler load increases causing engine
to engine head gasket, pistons and valves to overheat, risking piston damage
HX30/32/35/40/M Service Repair Manual Introduction
1:3
Notes, Cautions and Warnings
Notes, Cautions and Warnings are used in this manual to emphasise important or critical instructions.
Note
Information which is essential to highlight.
Caution
Maintanence or Service procedures which if not strictly followed, will result in damage or destruction of the
turbocharger.
Warning
Maintanence or Service procedures which if not correctly followed will result in personal injury or loss of life.
Note
Many turbochargers are returned that are no fault found. Before assuming turbocharger is not performing
to specification always refer to engine diagnostic system and troubleshooting diagnostic procedures of
this manual.
Warning
The designated range of turbochargers weighs up to 11 kg (24.3 lb) and is fitted with external parts that are
sensitive to manual handling.
Caution
Turbochargers manufactured using the ‘core balance’ process will not have co-relation marks on rotor parts.
A core balanced turbocharger MUST be check balanced on rebuild. Where a core balancing machine is not
available, it is essential that rotor parts are marked during disassembly so that these parts can be
reassembled in the same relative positions.
Operating a turbocharger with rotor or core balance levels greater than published limits could cause
turbocharger or engine failure.
Warning
Some parts are manufactured in fluoroelastomers (eg Viton) or similar that require special treatment in the
case of repair and service after fire.
Warning
Turbocharger surface temperature during operation can achieve 700°C (1300°F).
Note
Holset turbochargers can be remanufactured using recovered parts. Where it is necessary to dispose of
components or whole turbochargers, an environmentally responsible process such as recycling should be
used, with due regard to local laws.
HX30/32/35/40/M Service Repair Manual Introduction
Installation Data
1:4
1. Many turbochargers are returned that are no fault found. Before assuming the turbocharger is not
performing to specification always refer to the engine diagnostic system and the fault finding chart of this
manual to make all the recommended health checks.
2. It is important that intake and exhaust systems are fitted in accordance with the recommendations of
the Equipment and Engine manufacturers. It is important not to overload the turbocharger by external
attachments or forces.
3. The air filter must remove particles greater than 5 ÃŒm at an efficiency of 95% and be of sufficient capacity
to match the air consumption of the engine. Recommended filters should always be used with a pressure
drop indicator. Intake systems must be tightened to the values specified by the Equipment and Engine
manufacturers to withstand depressions up to 6.3 kPa (0.91 lbf/in
2
).
4. Hose and clip connections of the intake manifold system must be tightened to the values specified by the
Equipment and Engine manufacturers to withstand turbocharger pressure ratio.
5. Exhaust system connections must be tightened to the values specified by Equipment and Engine
manufacturers to be capable of operating at exhaust back pressures of up to 10 kPa (1.5 lbf/in
2
). Subject
to extensive review and formal approval, this limit may be increased to 25 kPa (3.6 lbf/in
2
) if a catalytic
convertor is fitted. Exhaust brake applications are permitted to operate at a continuously rated pressure up
to 450 kPa (65.3 lbf/in
2
) back pressure.
6. Oil should be filtered to 10μm with efficiency of 60% TWA (Time Weighted Average) /20 μm with
efficiency of 85% TWA. Efficiency assessed to ISO Standard 16889:1999 (was 4572/SAE J 1858). Always
use filters recommended by engine manufacturer.
7. The oil quality must be as specified by the Engine manufacturer and will be a minimum API SE - CD
(MIL - L - 2104C) specification. Improved life can be obtained by using super high performance diesel
(SHPD) oils, particularly where extended oil drain periods are used.
8. Normal oil temperature is 95+/-5°C (203+/-9°F). It should not exceed 120°C (248°F) under any operating
condition.
9. Any pre-lube oil must be clean and meet the minimum CD classification.
10. The orientation of turbine housing, bearing housing and compressor cover is fixed according to
application. During installation, do not attempt to rotate these components.
11. Oil return pipes are permitted to decline at an overall angle of not less than 30 degrees below horizontal.
All turbocharger applications require a pipe of internal diameter greater than 19 mm which has integrated
connectors. To ensure oil drains into the engine under all operating conditions, the return connection
into the engine sump must not be submerged and the outlet flange of the turbocharger must be 50 mm
above the maximum oil level of the engine sump pan.
12. Crankcase pressure should be limited to 0.8 kPa (0.12 lbf/in
2
). Pressure above this level should be
referred for further evaluation. Closed crankcase ventilation (CCV) systems are known to operate at
elevated pressure and all applications must be referred for approval.
13. Oil pressure of 150 kPa (20 lbf/in
2
) must show at the turbocharger oil inlet within 3 - 4 seconds of engine
firing to prevent damage to turbocharger bearing system. A flexible supply pipe is recommended.
14. The minimum oil pressure when the engine is on load must be 210 kPa (30 lbf/in
2
). Maximum
permissible operating pressure is 500 kPa (72 lbf/in
2
) although 600 kPa (88 lbf/in
2
) is permitted during
cold start up. Under idling conditions pressure should not fall below 70 kPa (10 lbf/in
2
).
15. Recommended oil flows for the turbochargers are 2 litre/min at idle and 3 litre/min above maximum
torque speed.
16. Do not use liquid gasket substances or thread sealant as any excess can enter the turbocharger oil
system to obstruct flow.
17. Recommended coolant flows for the turbochargers are 2 litre/min at idle and 7 - 10 litre/min above
maximum torque speed.
Note:
100 kPa = 1 bar (14.5037 lbf/in
2
=psi).
HX30/32/35/40/M Service Repair Manual Introduction
Installation Checklist
1:5
1. Always understand why the original turbocharger needs replacing before fitting another unit.
2. Check the turbocharger dataplate to ensure the Part No. is correct for the engine/application.
3. Check the engine exhaust, intake and aftercooler systems are clean and without obstruction i.e. free from
oil, gasket pieces, dust/dirt/carbon or foreign objects.
4. Replace the oil and air filters using replacement parts specified by the equipment manufacturer.
5. Change the engine oil using the type specified by the engine manufacturer.
6. Check that the turbocharger oil inlet and drain pipes and connectors are clean, free from obstruction and
will not leak under pressure.
7. Check that the coolant pipes of water cooled bearing housing applications and connectors are clean, free
from obstruction and will not leak under pressure.
8. To pre-lube the turbocharger bearings, pour some clean engine oil into the oil inlet and rotate the
turbocharger rotor assembly by hand.
9. Check that the exhaust manifold flange is flat and undamaged. Mount the turbocharger on the flange and
check that the turbine inlet gasket fits properly without obstructing the gas passages.
10. Assemble the air intake and boost outlet connections. Check that the connections are well made and will
not leak in use.
11. Check the exhaust system is fitted using the original mounting arrangement provided by the equipment
manufacturer. Always re-fit any supports/brackets back in position to ensure the system is correctly
supported.
12. Assemble the exhaust system to the turbine housing outlet. Check that the gasket/connection is well made
and will not leak in use.
13. Assemble any coolant pipes and check that the connections are well made, without obstruction and will
not leak in use.
14. Assemble the turbocharger oil inlet pipe and check that the connection is clean, well made and will not
leak in use.
15. Check all clamps and fasteners are correctly tightened to the torque recommended by the equipment
manufacturer.
16. Connect the air pipe from the compressor housing/inlet manifold to the wastegate actuator ensuring the
pipe bore is clean and dry before fitment.
17. Make any ECU checks recommended by the engine manufacturer.
18. Crank the engine WITHOUT firing until engine oil flows out of the turbocharger drain flange.
19. Assemble the oil drain pipe and check that the connection is well made, without obstruction and will not
leak in use.
20. Start the engine and run at idle speed for approximately 1 minute so that the oil supply system is fully
operational.
21. Accelerate the engine and check that there are no leaks/obstructions of air/oil/coolant/gas under pressure.
22. Check that no hose or connection deforms under normal operation.
23. Before switching off the engine, leave it running at idle speed for at least 1 minute to cool the turbine.
Symbole - Deutsch
In diesem Handbuch werden die folgenden Symbole verwendet, die wesentliche Funktionen hervorheben. Die
Symbole haben folgende Bedeutung:
WARNUNG - Unterhaltungs und Wartungsverfahren müssen genau befolgt werden, da ein
Nichtbeachten zu Personenschäden oder tödlichen Verletzungen führt.
ACHTUNG - Falls Unterhaltungs und Wartungsverfahren nicht genau beachtet werden, kann der
Turbolader dadurch beschädigt oder zerstört werden.
AUSBAU bzw. ZERLEGEN.
EINBAU bzw. ZUSAMMENBAU.
INSRPEKTION erforderlich.
Teil oder Baugruppe REINIGEN.
DIMENSION - oder ZEITMESSUNG.
Teil oder Baugruppe ÖLEN.
WERKZEUGGRÖSSE wird angegeben.
ANZUG auf vorgeschriebenes Drehmoment erforderlich.
Sicherstellen, daß die AUSWUCHTMARKEN an der Rotor-Baugruppe richtig ausgerichtet sind.
Elektrische MESSUNG DURCHFÃœRHREN.
Weitere Informationen an anderer Stelle bzw. in anderen Handbüchern.
Schutzkleidung muß immer getragen werden.
Deutet an, daß Teile schwer sein können.
Website-Verzeichnis mit Ihrem nächsten Händler.
Gehe zu Inhalt
HX30/32/35/40/M Service Repair Manual Introduction
Symbols
1:6
KG
HX30/32/35/40/M Service Repair Manual Introduction
1:7
Symbols - English
The following group of symbols have been used in this manual to help communicate the intent of the
instructions. When one of the symbols appears, it conveys the meaning defined below.
WARNING - Serious personal injury or extensive property damage can result if the warning
instructions are not followed.
CAUTION - Minor personal injury can result or a part, an assembly or the engine can be damaged if
the caution instructions are not followed.
Indicates a REMOVAL or DISASSEMBLY step.
Indicates an INSTALLATION or ASSEMBLY step.
INSPECTION is required.
CLEAN the part or assembly.
PERFORM a mechanical or time MEASUREMENT.
LUBRICATE the part or assembly.
Indicates that a WRENCH or TOOL SIZE will be given.
TIGHTEN to a specific torque.
Ensure that the BALANCE MARKS on the rotor assembly are in alignment
PERFORM an electrical MEASUREMENT.
Refer to another location in this manual or another publication for additional information.
Please wear protective clothing at all times.
Indicates components may be heavy.
Website access to find your nearest Agent.
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$41.99
This service repair manual provides comprehensive information on the installation, maintenance, and overhaul of the Holset HX30, HX32, HX35, HX40, and HXM turbochargers. It is a valuable resource for both professional mechanics and DIY enthusiasts.
